Whilst the Egyptians did not perform major surgery as conducted today they did make major developments in surgical knowledge and practice. Egyptian physicians are known to have performed some minor surgical operations however. The Papyrus Edwin Smith informs us of methods used to treat dislocated bones, the Papyrus Ebers informs us of practices relating to the removal of cists and tumour's and offers a variety of methods to achieve this (cautery and bleeding). 

Egyptians used antisceptic to aid the healing process, another major development in medical practice (they used Willow leaves and bark which are known to decrease the likelihood of infection). 

Key Points to remember: 

Anaesthetics were not available

Egyptians had a reasonable understanding of the functions of major organs 

They knew that vessels carried blood around the body

Surgical practices were written down and taught to physicians

Surgery was often conducted in conjunction with healing methods derived from religious beliefs.